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The numbers behind short-term rentals. Rates, occupancy, demand, fees, supply and returns, every figure traced to its source.

Data desk · 326 sources from 123 publishers

Where our numbers come from

These are the documents behind the data desk's reference pages: company filings and shareholder letters, government statistics, registers and laws, platform help pages and peer-reviewed research. Primary sources, the organisation that produced the figure, come first; news coverage is cited only when a figure exists nowhere else, and the page then says who reported it.

Airbnb, Inc.

Used on: Airbnb by the numbers · Short-term rental data glossary · Short-term rental platform fees compared · Short-term rental taxes in major US cities · US federal tax rules for short-term rental income

Eurostat

Used on: Nights booked through platforms in Europe · Short-term rental data glossary · The EU short-term rental data regulation explained · Who measures short-term rentals and how

European Commission

Used on: Nights booked through platforms in Europe · The EU short-term rental data regulation explained · Who measures short-term rentals and how

AirDNA

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary · Who measures short-term rentals and how

City of San Diego, Office of the City Treasurer

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered · Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment (Ireland)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city · The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees · US federal tax rules for short-term rental income

Washington State Department of Revenue

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary · Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

Airbnb

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Airbnb, Inc. (newsroom)

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

Airbnb, Inc., archived by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine

Used on: Short-term rental platform fees compared

Airbtics

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

American Economic Association

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

arXiv (Abdulkareem Alsudais)

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Barcelona City Council (Info Barcelona)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Beyond

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Boletín Oficial del Estado (Spain)

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

Booking Holdings Inc.

Used on: Booking.com alternative accommodations by the numbers

Booking.com

Used on: Short-term rental platform fees compared

California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

California Legislative Information

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

CESifo Working Paper No. 9089, via EconStor

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

City and County of Honolulu, Department of Budget and Fiscal Services

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

City of Amsterdam

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

City of Austin

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

City of Austin Financial Services

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

City of Boston

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

City of Chicago

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

City of Las Vegas Business Licensing

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

City of Los Angeles Office of Finance

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

City of New Orleans

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

City of New Orleans, Department of Safety and Permits

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

City of Scottsdale

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

City of Seattle

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

City of Seattle, Department of Finance and Administrative Services

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

City of Toronto

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Colorado General Assembly

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

CoStar Group

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

CoStar Group (STR)

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

Council of the European Union

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

County of Maui

Used on: Hawaii vacation rental performance from the state’s monthly report

DC Department of Licensing and Consumer Protection

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

District of Columbia Office of Tax and Revenue

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

EU Construction Platform (European Commission, Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs)

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

European Commission, Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

European Parliament

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

European Parliament and Council of the European Union

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

European Parliament Legislative Observatory

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

European Parliament, Legislative Observatory

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

European Union

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

Expedia Group

Used on: Short-term rental platform fees compared

Fannie Mae

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

Federal Register (U.S. Government Publishing Office)

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

Federal Trade Commission

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

Florida Department of Revenue

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

Furnished Finder

Used on: Short-term rental platform fees compared

Gemeente Amsterdam

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Gemeente Amsterdam (Gemeenteblad)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism (DBEDT)

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Hawaii Department of Taxation

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

Hipcamp

Used on: Short-term rental platform fees compared

Hospitality Net (Lighthouse release)

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Hospitality Net (OTA Insight release)

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

HSMAI Academy

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

INFORMS, Marketing Science (journal abstract page, archived copy)

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Inside Airbnb

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Internal Revenue Service

Used on: US federal tax rules for short-term rental income

Irish Statute Book

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Japan Tourism Agency (MLIT)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Journal of Housing Economics (Elsevier), abstract on IDEAS/RePEc

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Journal of Urban Economics (Elsevier); published version in the Universitat de Barcelona repository, CC BY

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Key Data

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

KeyData

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Kyoto City

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Københavns Kommune

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Land Berlin (berlin.de)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Lighthouse

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Los Angeles City Planning

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Los Angeles Department of City Planning

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

Management Science (INFORMS), abstract on IDEAS/RePEc

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Mass.gov (Trial Court Law Libraries)

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

Massachusetts Office of the Attorney General

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

Maui County Council

Used on: Hawaii vacation rental performance from the state’s monthly report

Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

National Bureau of Economic Research (2022 conference paper in American Economic Review format)

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

New York City Department of Finance

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

New York City Mayor’s Office of Special Enforcement

Used on: How many short-term rentals US cities have registered

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

NSW Government (planning.nsw.gov.au)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

NYC Mayor's Office of Special Enforcement

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

NYC Mayor’s Office of Special Enforcement

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

Office of the Los Angeles City Clerk

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

Office of the Treasurer and Tax Collector, City and County of San Francisco

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

Official Journal of the European Union

Used on: Nights booked through platforms in Europe

Official Journal of the European Union (Spanish edition, as reproduced by the Boletín Oficial del Estado)

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

PriceLabs

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

PrivSource

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how

Real Estate Economics, abstract on IDEAS/RePEc

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Regional Science and Urban Economics (Elsevier), abstract on IDEAS/RePEc

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Retsinformation (Denmark)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

San Francisco Planning

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Service-Public.gouv.fr (French government)

Used on: The EU short-term rental data regulation explained

Stadt Wien

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

State of Hawaiʻi Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (DBEDT)

Used on: Hawaii vacation rental performance from the state’s monthly report

State of Hawaiʻi Department of Taxation

Used on: Hawaii vacation rental performance from the state’s monthly report

Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts

Used on: Short-term rental taxes in major US cities

The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (real estate working paper #841)

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (working-paper version)

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

U.S. Federal Trade Commission

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

U.S. Internal Revenue Service

Used on: Short-term rental data glossary

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Used on: Airbnb by the numbers

UK Government (legislation.gov.uk)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

University of Bristol research portal (journal abstract)

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Urban Redevelopment Authority (Singapore)

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

US Government Publishing Office (govinfo)

Used on: US federal tax rules for short-term rental income

Ville de Paris

Used on: Night caps on short-term rentals by city

Virginia Legislative Information System

Used on: Total price rules for short-term rental fees

Vrbo (HomeAway.com, Inc.)

Used on: Short-term rental platform fees compared

Vrbo (HomeAway.com, Inc.), archived by the Internet Archive Wayback Machine

Used on: Short-term rental platform fees compared

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam research portal (journal abstract)

Used on: What research has measured about short-term rentals and housing

Wheelhouse

Used on: Who measures short-term rentals and how